Guides
Guides for out-of-network therapy billing
Short, sourced explainers for therapists who give clients superbills, and for clients who submit them to an insurer or an FSA. Each guide opens with a quick answer and lists the primary sources it relies on.
Superbills, codes and claims
- Why was my superbill rejected? 7 fixable causes
Seven reasons a therapy superbill comes back: missing NPI or POS, wrong modifier, diagnosis pointer mismatch, same-day duplicates, member ID, timely filing. Check each first.
- Good Faith Estimate for therapists: the four required disclosures
What the No Surprises Act requires in a therapy Good Faith Estimate: who needs one, the four disclosures, the $400 trigger, the 120-day PPDR window and 6-year retention.
- Telehealth superbills: POS 02 vs 10 vs 11, and when modifier 95 applies
Which POS goes on a telehealth therapy superbill, why POS 11 is not a telehealth POS, when modifier 95 applies, and how audio-only visits differ. Confirm plan rules with the payer.
- What is a superbill? A plain-English guide for therapists
A superbill is the itemized receipt clients use to claim out-of-network therapy reimbursement. What it contains, who uses it, how it is submitted, and common mistakes.
- Superbill template for therapists: every field, explained
A field-by-field superbill template for therapists: provider, NPI and tax ID, client and member ID, CPT, ICD-10-CM, POS, modifiers, fees and signature, with an example.
- Psychotherapy CPT codes: 90791, 90832, 90834 and 90837 explained
Psychotherapy CPT codes for therapy superbills: 90791, 90832, 90834 and 90837 time ranges, family and group codes, add-on 90785 and the crisis codes 90839 and 90840.
- How clients submit out-of-network therapy claims, step by step
How a client gets out-of-network reimbursement for therapy: check benefits, collect superbills, file the member claim form, read the EOB, and appeal a denial.
- Superbill vs CMS-1500: what is the difference?
A superbill is an itemized receipt the client submits; the CMS-1500 is the standard professional claim form a provider files. When each is used and where the fields match.
FSA deadlines and reimbursement
- FSA carryover 2026 to 2027: how much can you roll over?
If your plan allows it, up to $680 of unused health FSA funds from a plan year beginning in 2026 can carry over — $660 for 2025. Your employer may allow less or none.
- FSA grace period vs carryover vs run-out
Three FSA rules, three deadlines: a grace period moves the spend date, a carryover moves the money, a run-out only moves the paperwork. Worked examples inside.
- What happens to your FSA when you leave a job
Leaving a job usually ends FSA coverage: no new expenses after your last day, but claims for expenses already incurred can still be submitted. COBRA for a health FSA is limited.
- Dependent care FSA deadline and 2026 limit
Dependent care FSA limits: $7,500 for 2026 plan years ($3,750 married filing separately), $5,000 for 2025. No carryover is allowed; a grace period may apply.
- Can you use an FSA for therapy?
Therapy for a mental health condition can be an FSA expense (IRS Pub. 502) when your plan covers it and your administrator approves. The five fields a claim needs.
Not sure which date applies to you? Use the FSA deadline checker.